Showing posts with label Graves (Robert). Show all posts
Showing posts with label Graves (Robert). Show all posts

Monday, September 15, 2014

The Life of Hercules: The Golden Fleece (The Young Jason)

Seventh of a series. Here are the earlier posts:



Here is a detail of one of my drawings, showing Is'a'pai'a
 carrying ta'ta'wa'tze| on its back across the river.
Believe it or not, I couldn't find a really appropriate
 classical picture showing either the crossing of the river
 or the first meeting of Jason with Pelias.
       Hercules was an Argonaut -- a member of Jason's crew on the ship Argo who shared in all the fantastic adventures of this crew of doughty Champions. Hercules was not a major participant and he left the Quest before it was finished, but since it was important in his life, I had to take it into consideration as part of my series The Labors of Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head.
       Those of you who are reading the series may have guessed that Is'a'pai'a, the young outcast Tramontane Warrior, is the stand-in for Jason. The early part of Jason's life forms a fascinating story of its own.
       (Parenthetically, the name "Jason" means "Healer," and so I called my character "Is'a'pai'a," which in the Shshi language means "Healing Warrior.")
       When you read The Wood Where the Two Moons Shine, you should see many parallels with the early life of of Jason.  It's a little complicated in its relationships, so I'm going to quote directly from Robert Graves' Greek Myths (section 148, "The Argonauts Assemble"):

       "After the death of King Cretheus the Aeolian, Pelias, son of Poseidon, already an old man, seized the Iolcan throne from his half-brother Aeson, the rightful heir.  An oracle presently warning him that he would be killed by a descendant of Aeolus, Pelias put to death every prominent Aeolian he dared to lay hands upon, except Aeson, whom he spared for his mother Tyro's sake, but kept a prisoner in the palace, forcing him to renounce his inheritance."
       In my rendition, Pelias is Wei'thel'a'han, believed to be an offspring of the Highest Mother's Sea King.  He is a tyrant from across the sea who invaded and seized the fortress of Hwai'ran'chet (Iolcus), only to find that the current Mother's primary King happens to be Wei'thel'a'han's sibling, both hailing from the fortress of Fet'ro'chet.  At that point the Seer/Sorcerer No'tuk'a'nei (who has no direct equivalent in this part of the myths, except as the oracle who predicted the death of Pelias) foretells that a scion of the fortress Fet'ro'chet would cause Wei'thel'a'han's death.  So Wei'thel'a'han, who is desperately afraid of death, commits a great atrocity, slaughtering every individual, nymph, and egg in Hwai'ran'chet who was laid after the coming of Fet'ro'hma'no'tze, the King in question.  However, Wei'thel'a'han is quite superstitious and fears to kill  its own sibling, so Fet'ro'hma'no'tze is simply removed from the presence of the Mother and imprisoned.
       Can you see the parallels?  Fet'ro'chet the King represents Aeson.

       Graves continues, "Now, Aeson had married Polymele [equivalent to the Mother Ti'gan'ta'zei in Hwai'ran'chet] ... and bore him one son.  ...  Pelias would have destroyed the child without mercy, had not Polymele summoned her kinswomen to weep over him, as though he were still-born, and then smuggled him out of the city to Mount Pelion; where Cheiron the Centaur reared him, as he did ... with ... Achilles ... and other famous heroes."
       In my rendition, the fortress's former Seer smuggles out one small, shriveled egg after telling everyone that it surely was infertile and offering to take it to the Charnel herself.  Instead, she takes it into the Spirit Hills, to Zan'tet, the principal fortress of the Yo'sho'zei (equivalent to the Centaurs), where Vai'zei'a'parn the Leader of the Yo'sho'zei, cares for it.  Ultimately, it hatches into a little nymph whom Seers name Is'a'pai'a.  These same Seers then caution Vai'zei'a'parn that when Is'a'pai'a passes its fourth molt, it must be sent away to seek a great northern hero who would teach it how to be a true Champion.  (I think I just invented this last part, but it certainly makes sense.  Nobody would want Wei'thel'a'han to learn of the existence of Is'a'pai'a before it matured, and this was a way to get Ki'shto'ba into the story.)

       Now, a second oracle warned Pelias to beware a one-sandalled man, and one day on the seashore he encounters exactly that.  Graves writes, "The other sandal he had lost in the muddy river Anaurus ... by the connivance of a crone who, standing on the farther bank, begged passersby to carry her across.  None took pity on her, until this young stranger courteously offered her his broad back; but he found himself staggering under the weight, since she was none other than the goddess Hera in disguise.  For Pelias had vexed Hera, by withholding her customary sacrifice, and she was determined to punish him for this neglect."
       Therefore, when Pelias asks for the name and lineage of this stranger, Jason blurts out the truth.  "Pelias glared at him balefully.  'What would you do,' he inquired suddenly, 'if an oracle announced that one of your fellow citizens were destined to kill you?'
       "'I would send him to fetch the golden ram's fleece from Colchis,' Jason replied, not knowing that Hera had placed those words in his mouth." 
       Of course, this is exactly what is destined to happen, and so the Quest for the Golden Fleece was launched.  The problem is, how does one adapt all that to the termite culture?  Termites don't wear sandals, after all.  And how can Is'a'pai'a carry the Mother Goddess on its back?  But it makes very good sense that the same vengeful Highest-Mother-Who-Has-No-Name who engineered the downfall of Thel'or'ei for violating the prime directive of the Shshi worship system: thou shalt not harm the progenitors who give you life! -- that this same goddess would be enraged at Wei'thel'a'han for its own violent treatment of the life force. 
       Anyway, I'm not going to tell you how I did it!  In the picture above I purposely blocked out the lower part of Is'a'pai'a's six legs!  It's a pivotal event in the latest volume to be published, The Wood Where the Two Moon Shines, and if you want to know, you'll just have to read the book, or preferably the whole series, first!  

 

Saturday, May 3, 2014

The Life of Hercules: A Digression into the Underworld

Fourth of a series. Here are the earlier posts:

      
Map of the Classical Underworld
http://www.maicar.com/GML/Underworldmap.html
Click for larger view
       I want to preface this post with a bit about the springs that Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei drink from before the Underworld opens to them.  I call them the Pool of Oblivion and the Pool of Memory.  If the supplicant wishes to continue on his quest and come back alive, he must drink from the Pool of Memory.  This episode relates to certain events contained in the mysteries of Orphism.  Here is a quotation from Wikipedia on this subject:  "When the deceased arrives in the underworld, he is ex-pected to confront obstacles. He must take care not to drink of Lethe ('Forgetfulness'), but of the pool of Mnemosyne ('Memory'). He is provided with formulaic expressions with which to present himself to the guardians of the afterlife.  I am a son of Earth and starry sky. I am parched with thirst and am dying; but quickly grant me cold water from the Lake of Memory to drink."
I was also influenced by Robert Graves' poem on this topic (entitled "Instructions to the Orphic Adept").  Here is an excerpt:

After your passage through Hell’s seven floods,
Whose fumes of sulphur will have parched your throat,
The Halls of Judgement shall loom up before you,
A miracle of jasper and of onyx.
To the left hand there bubbles a black spring
Overshadowed with a great white cypress.
Avoid this spring, which is Forgetfulness;
Though all the common rout rush down to drink,
Avoid this spring!
 
To the right hand there lies a secret pool
Alive with speckled trout and fish of gold;
A hazel overshadows it.  Ophion,
Primaeval serpent straggling in the branches,
Darts out his tongue.  This holy pool is fed
By dripping water; guardians stand before it.
Run to this pool, the pool of Memory,
Run to this pool!
      
       I also employ certain elements of the Eleusinian Mysteries.  These rites celebrate the familiar Persephone and Demeter myth, and Wikipedia states the following: "Since the Mysteries involved visions and conjuring of an afterlife, some scholars believe that the power and longevity of the Eleusinian Mysteries came from psychedelic agents."  Obviously, in my termite culture the Seers of the plains Shshi utilize a hallucinogenic fungus, while other species use different plant matter or even the secretion of a gland in a sandworm (shades of Dune! -- quite deliberate, I assure you!)  However, the Southern Shshi all use the effluences of volcanic springs to stimulate visions (I took this from the Delphic Oracle, where the Pythia sat over a volcanic vent on a tripod -- watch for something like this in Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear).
       The other element of the Eleusinian Mysteries that I made use of involved the eating of food in the World Beneath.  It is a well-known part of the Persephone myth: "It was a rule of the Fates that whoever consumed food or drink in the Underworld was doomed to spend eternity there. Before Persephone was released to Hermes, who had been sent to retrieve her, Hades tricked her into eating pomegranate seeds (six or four according to the telling), which forced her to return to the underworld for some months each year." 
 
       While I'm supposed to be writing about the life of Heracles here, the fact is that Ki'shto'ba's katabasis doesn't have much to do with Heracles' experiences. Heracles meets Meleager in the World Beneath, and that hero appears only later in my series. However, all heroes who engage in such descents meet other deceased heroes there, and Ki'shto'ba is no exception.  Ki'shto'ba's travail incorporates some of Odysseus' experiences in the Underworld.  Odysseus went to seek out the dead Seer Teiresias and learn what fate awaited him in Ithaca, and while he was in Hades' realm, he encountered the ghosts of former comrades, as does Aeneas. For a neat overview of who meets whom, see Map of the Underworld
       In my version, it is Hector whom Ki'shto'ba meets first: Viz'ka'cha Bright-Head, from The War of the Stolen Mother, wandering among the gibbering shades on the outer banks of the Styx.  Other characters weren't so lucky -- you'll recognize Sisyphus and his boulder. A Prometheus stand-in appears also, bound on a cliff with his liver being eaten by a scavenger bird.  In Earth myths, this didn't happen in the Underworld, but some stories state that Heracles freed Prometheus.  If you want to know whether Ki'shto'ba freed my version of Prometheus, you'll have to read the book!
      
       You can't have a visit to the Underworld without encountering Charon, the ferryman who transports souls over the river Styx.  I confess to being influenced by Michael Hurst's comic rendition of Charon in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.  I think you'll find Fet'rai'zei the Raft Poler equally amusing in Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear.

       How do I adapt Hades himself?  How else but as one of the Highest Mother's Kings who began to bore her and so was set as King over the Dead?  He bears the knobbed horns that I have conferred on all beings suspected of being associated with the nether realms (see the black demon Warrior Sho'choi'ji'ka in The Valley of Thorns).  He also has a helmet of invisibility, although in this case it's a basket that he flops over his head when he wants to disappear.  Re this helmet, I first learned about it from Xena, but now I find in the Wikipedia article on the subject that attributing this to Hades was a later addition.  However, it makes a great story point!

       Many heroes have a guide who conducts them through the Underworld.  Aeneas has the Cumaean Sybil and Hercules meets Teiresias.  I used Teiresias, whom the reader has already encountered in v.1, but I also added Orpheus in that role.  Orpheus's story will  be discussed in a later post. 

Gustave Dore's Rendition of Lake Cocytus in Dante
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DVinfernoLuciferKingOfHell_m.jpg
       There is one other great descent: that of Dante in that poet's Inferno.  Vergil, who wrote the Aeneid, is Dante's guide.  So, did I use any elements from the Inferno in my adaptation?  You bet!  I won't talk about that much, but I will quote a passage from the Dorothy Sayers translation.  This is from Canto XXII, lines 124-129, laid in the 9th Circle of Hell, where the traitors are imprisoned in the frozen lake Cocytus.  We see the punishment of Count Ugolino and Archbishop Ruggieri, who mutually betrayed each other:

"And when we'd left him, in that icy bed,
I saw two frozen together in one hole
So that the one head capped the other head;

And as starved men tear bread, this tore the poll
Of the one beneath, chewing with ravenous jaw,
Where brain meets marrow, just beneath the skull."

       This horrific image has stuck with me down through the years, ever since I first read Dante at age 20.  If you want to know who suffers a similar fate in Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear, you'll have to read the book.

       Now, being the rationalistic creature that I am, and having endowed some of my characters with similar skeptical qualities (namely, Di'fa'kro'mi, Wei'tu, and Za'dut), I have to say that what happens to Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei after they drink from the Pool of Memory could be just a "bir'zha|" dream -- a hallucination induced by the properties of the water.  After all, they never saw an entrance open up into the Place Beneath -- they were simply transported into it.  The characters argue this matter at some length.  However, both Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei stoutly maintain that they really journeyed through Mik Na'wei'tei'zi (the Place of No Seeing) and we modern scientific types will just have suspend our disbelief and enjoy the adventures and all that they imply ...