Showing posts with label Hercules. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hercules. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 6, 2015

The Life of Hercules: The Hero's Death

Tenth (and last) of a series. Here are the earlier posts:
The Early Adventures in the Quest for the Golden Fleece

Nessus, Heracles, & Deianeira
Black-figured hydria, 6th c. BC, Louvre
http://www.theoi.com/Georgikos/KentaurosNessos.html

       The following utilizes the text of Robert Graves' Greek Myths:       
       Herakles had many women and other wives, but his most important liaison was with Deianeira.  Deianeira was considered the daughter of Oeneus and the sister of Meleager, but she was really a daughter of Dionysus.  She was courted by the River God Achelous, who often appeared as a bull or a bull-headed man, and the prospect of marrying him revolted her.  Herakles was also in contention for her hand and he fought Achelous and won the battle, snapping off one of his bull's horns (I used this, in much adapted form. in The Storm-Wing, when Ki'shto'ba fought the lightning reptile and broke off his horn).  Thus Herakles acquired the hand of Deianeira in marriage.
       They had four sons and one daughter, including a son named Hyllus.  The children that the mad Herakles killed, however, were from a different wife, Megara.
       There is no denying that Herakles was never faithful to Deianeira.  One day in crossing a river, the Centaur Nessus offered to carry Deianeira across on his back while Herakles swam.  Instead, Nessus galloped off and tried to violate Deianeira.  Herakles heard her screams and pursued, shooting an arrow through Nessus's breast.
     For revenge, the dying Centaur told Deianeira that he would give her a charm to ensure Herakles's faithfulness -- that she should take blood from the wound, mix it with olive oil, and seal it up in a jar, then later on apply it to one of Herakles' shirts.  This she did without telling anyone.
       Later, when Herakles was preparing a thanksgiving sacrifice for a particular festival, he sent the courier Lichas to Deianeira for a fine shirt and cloak.  Deianeira was being forced to live in the same household as one of her husband's mistresses, and so at this point she availed herself of Nessus's love charm, impregnating a piece of wool in the mixture and rubbing the shirt with it.  After the clothing was dispatched to Herakles, she flung the piece of wool into the courtyard and to her horror watched as it ate into the pavement, causing red foam to boil up from it.  Realizing that Nessus had deceived her, she dispatched another courier, but it was too late - Herakles had already donned the shirt.  Herakles' arrow had infused Nessus's blood with the poisonous blood of the Hydra and this caused Herakles to burn with hideous fire.  As he ripped off the shirt, his flesh came with it, exposing the bone.
       Unable to find relief, Herakles raged across the countryside and killed the unfortunate courier Lichas, who was not at all at fault, by flinging him into the sea, where he became a rock of human shape, known as Lichas even to this day.  Then Herakles sent for his son Hyllus and asked to be carried away to die in solitude.  Meanwhile, Deianeira killed herself either by hanging herself or by the sword. [Here is a minor irritation - I know I read somewhere that another alternative death for Deianeira was by flinging herself off a cliff, but can I find that now?  Doing a little checking, I discovered that in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Deianeira threw herself off a cliff, but I never watched those early episodes.]
       Hyllus assured the vengeful Herakles that Deianeira was innocent, so Herakles forgave her and shared only with Hyllus Zeus's prophecy: "No man alive may ever kill Herakles; a dead enemy shall be his downfall."  Herakles then lay down on his own pyre and ordered its kindling.  Lightning bolts came from the sky and reduced the whole pile to ashes.
      Zeus then took Herakles' spiritual remains up to heaven (apotheosis), made him one of the Twelve Olympians, and persuaded Hera to adopt him (unlikely scenario!) by producing him from beneath her skirt.  He was then given Hebe in marriage, and he became the porter of Heaven while his mortal phantom stalks Tartarus, still looking like the shaggy earthly hero we all know well.

       Those of you who have read the six volumes of the Ki'shto'ba series will see the quite ingenious connections that I was able to draw between Herakles and my own more peaceable and humane Champion.  One plot problem lay with the sexual motivation, since termites feel no such thing as sexual jealousy.  They do, however, experience the desire for revenge and the instincts of compassion and forgiveness.  I won't spoil the final volumes of the series by giving any additional explanation.

       This concludes my series on the Life of Hercules.  However, I may supplement it with some additional myths which apply to the sequel volume (yes, there has to be a sequel volume, to tie up loose ends), so stay tuned.

Thursday, January 22, 2015

The Life of Hercules: The Early Adventures in the the Quest for the Golden Fleece

Ninth of a series. Here are the earlier posts:
Here is a drawing nobody has ever seen before.
Click on it so you can read the caption. Those who
have read v.6 will know what is happening.

       Robert Graves writes (section 149 of his Greek Myths):  "Heracles, after capturing the Erymanthian boar, appeared suddenly at Pagasae, and was invited by a unanimous vote to captain the Argo; but generously agreed to serve under Jason who, though a novice, had planned and proclaimed the expedition."  Even so, in my retelling of the epic, Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head yields the captaincy of the Quest ship to Is'a'pai'a. 
       And the first adventure in the Quest occurred on the island of Lemnos, where a year earlier the men had quarreled with their wives and taken foreign concubines.  In revenge, the Lemnian women murdered all the men, except the King, whom his daughter Hypsipyle (meaning High Gate) decided to spare, but only by setting him adrift in an oarless boat.  When the Argo appeared, the women made a decision to welcome the men and take them to their beds with the purpose of breeding a new and stronger stock.  They didn't tell the Argonauts the whole truth, saying only that they had been ill-treated by their husbands and so had exiled them.  Hypsipyle claimed Jason for her own.  Although Jason proclaimed that he would have to finish his quest first, the crew lingered, engendering many children.  The Quest might have ended there, except for Heracles, who was guarding the ship.  He finally strode angrily into the city and drove all the crew back to the Argo, after which the Quest resumed.  As a footnote, the King survived his oarless journey and was cast up on the island of Sicinos.  When the Lemnian women learned that Hypsipyle that spared him, they sold her into slavery, or she may have been abducted by pirates (now there is a tale in itself!)
       So how can this be adapted to a sexless termite society?  Well, if I tell you too much about that, it will ruin part of v.6 for you.  Suffice it to say that the name of the Mother of the island fortress of Thai'no'no'gwai is Pri'rak'vit'ta'tzi, which does mean "High Gate Mother"  And the society is composed entirely of female Alates.  How can that happen, you say?  You'll just have to read the book!  It forms a really exciting couple of chapter!
       After that, the Questers came to the realm of King Cyzicus, a good and noble ruler who became great friends with Jason. However, in a very sad event, as the Argo was sailing away from the King's realm, a storm blew them back, and, not knowing where they had landed, the Argonauts got into a fight with defenders, and Jason killed his friend Cyzicus.  You will find this sorrowful and ominous event portrayed quite accurately in my version, even to the dedication of an anchor stone.
       It was at this point that something happened that caused Heracles to leave the Quest.  Heracles had a companion named Hylas, whom he loved dearly.  Here is what Graves has to say about their relationship: "Hylas had been Heracles' minion and darling ever since the death of his father, Theodamas."  Of course, the implication was that they were lovers, an unremarkable relationship in ancient Greece.  At any rate, Hylas had set out to fetch water from the pool of Pegae on the island of Mysia and never returned.  Heracles was frantic, but all that could be found was Hylas' "water-pitcher lying abandoned by the pool side."  It seemed that "Dryope and her sister nymphs of Pegae had fallen in love with Hylas, and enticed them to come and live with them in an underwater grotto."  Heracles didn't reappear the next morning and finally the ship left without him.
       Heracles never found Hylas and ultimately resumed his own life, "after threatening to lay Mysia waste unless the inhabitants continued their search for Hylas, dead or alive."  And a touching after-note: "For Heracles' sake, the Mysians still sacrifice once a year to Hylas ...; their priest thrice calls his name aloud, and the devotees pretend to search for him in the woods."
      Here is where I did some conflating with later events, and if I tell you too much about that, it will seriously damage the impact the story, so ... I will proceed to the next adventure ...
      The Argonauts landed next on an island ruled by the "arrogant King Amycus, a son of Poseidon."  The King believed himself to be a great boxer (he used gloves studded with brazen spikes) and he was always challenging visitors to boxing matches.  If they declined, he would fling them over a cliff into the sea.  Polydeuces (one of the Dioscuri) was also an award-winning boxer and after a prolonged bout was able to defeat and kill Amycus in spite of the fact that the King used less than honorable tactics.
       So now you know why it is Ti'a'toig'a who fights the battle on the Cliff of Fear instead of Ki'shto'ba.  And since termites don't box, I made it a wrestling match.
       The Argonauts next encounter Phineus, a Seer who was blinded by the gods for prophesying too accurately.  He was also plagued by Harpies, who kept flying over his table, snatching the food and fouling it with their excrement.  Phineus refused to prophesy for Jason unless the Argonauts got rid of the Harpies for him.  After the Harpies were driven away, Phineus proceeded to give the Argonauts advice on how to navigate the remainder of the journey to Colchis, warning them of the Symplegades, the moving rocks in front of the entrance to the Bosporus that clash together and crush ships.  Jason defeated them by sending out a dove (or a heron) and following it through the maze.
       No mention is made at this point of the Cadmus's dragon's teeth that grow into Warriors when planted, but I introduced it here.  The story of Phineus and the Harpies grew into one of the most complex and moving sequences of my version of the myths.  And the Argonauts had many later adventures that I have omitted or that will be utilized in the sequel volume (if I ever get it written!)  I myself am not completely sure at this point how I'm going to adapt some of them.
       

Monday, November 10, 2014

The Life of Hercules: The Argonauts

Eighth of a series. Here are the earlier posts:
This is an illustration I made showing
Mor'gwai (the Argo) sailing away from
the fortress of Vok'seit'chet.  I considered
adapting this for the cover of v.6, but I settled
on the Point of the Monster instead.
(Click for larger view)
 
       After Jason agreed to sail away from Iolcus on a quest to retrieve the Golden Fleece, he needed a ship and a crew.  The ship came to be called the Argo after the shipwright who built it, and the crew of heroes who sailed in it were called the Argonauts.
       Sources usually agree that there were about 50 Argonauts.  Obviously, I couldn't utilize all of these characters, so I picked out several that I felt were essential to my version of the story.  Of course Heracles had to be included, since Ki'shto'ba is a stand-in for Heracles.  However, Heracles really played a rather small role in the Quest for the Golden Fleece, leaving the Quest early for reasons I won't go into here.  This aspect plays a significant role in my interpretation, but it would be a spoiler to elaborate too much on it.
       So I went through Robert Graves' list of Argonauts and picked out some that would serve a function in my plotline.
       Atalanta:  I've dealt with her before (in the post about the Calydonian boar).  Thel'tav'a, the female At'ein'zei Intercaste Warrior, fills this role.  Meleager was also supposed to be an Argonaut, but in my tale my termite version of the character is already dead.
       Amphiaraus, the Argive Seer:  I had always intended the 11th Companion to be a Seer, so I sifted through the list of Argonauts to find one, and Amphiaraus stuck out immediately.  If you look him up in Wikipedia, he has a considerable side story of his own but isn't prominent in the Golden Fleece quest.  However, I settled on him for one special reason: his name means "Twice Cursed."  (It might mean, according to Wikipedia, "Twice Ares-like," but I employed the twice-cursed connotation.)  I came up with the idea of a Seer who has seen everything that is to come but can't recall what he has seen until it has happened.  He is cursed to know all and to know nothing, and to be unable to change the future.  How could a person be more doubly cursed that that?  I think that was a brilliant idea, but for the life of me I can't recall how I came up with it.  I named him Da'sask'ni'a, which also means "Twice Cursed."
       Argus the Thespian, builder of the Argo:  Is'a'pai'a needed a ship just as Jason did, and so I made the 12th Companion to be the Bright-and-Dark Boatbuilder, Mo'wiv.  The name Argus means "bright," so this was close enough.  Mo'wiv is a Builder-Worker, a famous shipwright in the lands of the Water People.  I also made him a skilled ship's Captain, because obviously none of the Companions of Ki'shto'ba and Is'a'pai'a knows anything about sailing.  "According to other legends [the Argo] contained in her prow a magical piece of timber from the sacred forest of Dodona, which could speak and render prophecies." (Wikipedia)  From this, and from the knowledge that the early Greeks often painted eyes on their prow, I got the idea for the Moon-Eyes of the Mother.  And all ships need a figurehead, so the running reptile Rin'dog'zei fit perfectly.
       Castor, the Spartan wrestler, and his twin, Polydeuces, the Spartan boxer, known as the Dioscuri, or Sons of Zeus.  In case nobody has guessed it to this point, the twins known as the Shin'ki'no'hna, or Offspring of the King, reflect this pair.  Castor means "beaver," which is impossible to translate into Shshi, so I called that one Ti'a'gwol'a, which means "sweet chewer."  Polydeuces means "much sweeter wine," so I made him Ti'a'toig'a, which means "sweet swallower."  Termites don't box, so I substituted the skill of jaw-fencing (the Water People have those long, narrow pointed jaws, as you've seen in the pictures of Is'a'pai'a). 
       And -- oh, dear! -- I just discovered an error   In the book people are always mixing up the twins because they really are identical. Now it appears even I mixed them up.  I made Ti'a'toig'a (Polydeuces) the wrestler, when it should have been Ti'a'gwol'a (Castor).  Oh, well, if I'm that confused, the readers aren't going to know the difference.  I don't believe I ever wrote about the meaning of the names.
        Sigh.  Moving on ...
       Hylas, squire to Heracles:  This character is, of course, Twa'sei.  Enough said on that.
       Orpheus: Bu'gan'zei the 9th Companion is Orpheus, but you all knew that.
      Tiphys, the Helmsman:  The name means "from the pool" and the minor character Ao'gwai, helmsman for the Quest ship, reflects that; its name means "pool."
        And there you have the Argonauts -- the mor'gwai'zei| -- denizens of the ship Mor'gwai, which means "Bright Water."  This reflects the name of its shipwright, Mo'wiv, even as the Argo reflects the name Argus.

       One other note: a second pair of twins sailed on the Argo -- Idas and Lynceus.  Expect to see this pair turn up in the sequel, assuming I ever get it written!

       And a further afternote:
       Chris Graham (aka The Story Reading Ape) has reviewed v.6 The Revenge of the Dead Enemy as follows (thanks, Chris!  You're my true-blue fan!)
      
       Of all the books in this series, this is the one I dreaded reading.
       Why?
       There are a lot of prophecies fulfilled, resulting in the loss of great companions and it is the last book of the series.
       However!
       The final few chapters not only gripped me with sadness, they helped me reconcile with the losses (Ki'shto'ba's final moments were an astounding fulfilment of a prophecy AND achieved the 12th and final Wonder in a way that is unparalleled by any Shi'Shi) AND gave me hope that another remarkable series may be penned by the author....
       I certainly hope so...


Saturday, May 3, 2014

The Life of Hercules: A Digression into the Underworld

Fourth of a series. Here are the earlier posts:

      
Map of the Classical Underworld
http://www.maicar.com/GML/Underworldmap.html
Click for larger view
       I want to preface this post with a bit about the springs that Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei drink from before the Underworld opens to them.  I call them the Pool of Oblivion and the Pool of Memory.  If the supplicant wishes to continue on his quest and come back alive, he must drink from the Pool of Memory.  This episode relates to certain events contained in the mysteries of Orphism.  Here is a quotation from Wikipedia on this subject:  "When the deceased arrives in the underworld, he is ex-pected to confront obstacles. He must take care not to drink of Lethe ('Forgetfulness'), but of the pool of Mnemosyne ('Memory'). He is provided with formulaic expressions with which to present himself to the guardians of the afterlife.  I am a son of Earth and starry sky. I am parched with thirst and am dying; but quickly grant me cold water from the Lake of Memory to drink."
I was also influenced by Robert Graves' poem on this topic (entitled "Instructions to the Orphic Adept").  Here is an excerpt:

After your passage through Hell’s seven floods,
Whose fumes of sulphur will have parched your throat,
The Halls of Judgement shall loom up before you,
A miracle of jasper and of onyx.
To the left hand there bubbles a black spring
Overshadowed with a great white cypress.
Avoid this spring, which is Forgetfulness;
Though all the common rout rush down to drink,
Avoid this spring!
 
To the right hand there lies a secret pool
Alive with speckled trout and fish of gold;
A hazel overshadows it.  Ophion,
Primaeval serpent straggling in the branches,
Darts out his tongue.  This holy pool is fed
By dripping water; guardians stand before it.
Run to this pool, the pool of Memory,
Run to this pool!
      
       I also employ certain elements of the Eleusinian Mysteries.  These rites celebrate the familiar Persephone and Demeter myth, and Wikipedia states the following: "Since the Mysteries involved visions and conjuring of an afterlife, some scholars believe that the power and longevity of the Eleusinian Mysteries came from psychedelic agents."  Obviously, in my termite culture the Seers of the plains Shshi utilize a hallucinogenic fungus, while other species use different plant matter or even the secretion of a gland in a sandworm (shades of Dune! -- quite deliberate, I assure you!)  However, the Southern Shshi all use the effluences of volcanic springs to stimulate visions (I took this from the Delphic Oracle, where the Pythia sat over a volcanic vent on a tripod -- watch for something like this in Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear).
       The other element of the Eleusinian Mysteries that I made use of involved the eating of food in the World Beneath.  It is a well-known part of the Persephone myth: "It was a rule of the Fates that whoever consumed food or drink in the Underworld was doomed to spend eternity there. Before Persephone was released to Hermes, who had been sent to retrieve her, Hades tricked her into eating pomegranate seeds (six or four according to the telling), which forced her to return to the underworld for some months each year." 
 
       While I'm supposed to be writing about the life of Heracles here, the fact is that Ki'shto'ba's katabasis doesn't have much to do with Heracles' experiences. Heracles meets Meleager in the World Beneath, and that hero appears only later in my series. However, all heroes who engage in such descents meet other deceased heroes there, and Ki'shto'ba is no exception.  Ki'shto'ba's travail incorporates some of Odysseus' experiences in the Underworld.  Odysseus went to seek out the dead Seer Teiresias and learn what fate awaited him in Ithaca, and while he was in Hades' realm, he encountered the ghosts of former comrades, as does Aeneas. For a neat overview of who meets whom, see Map of the Underworld. 
       In my version, it is Hector whom Ki'shto'ba meets first: Viz'ka'cha Bright-Head, from The War of the Stolen Mother, wandering among the gibbering shades on the outer banks of the Styx.  Other characters weren't so lucky -- you'll recognize Sisyphus and his boulder. A Prometheus stand-in appears also, bound on a cliff with his liver being eaten by a scavenger bird.  In Earth myths, this didn't happen in the Underworld, but some stories state that Heracles freed Prometheus.  If you want to know whether Ki'shto'ba freed my version of Prometheus, you'll have to read the book!
      
       You can't have a visit to the Underworld without encountering Charon, the ferryman who transports souls over the river Styx.  I confess to being influenced by Michael Hurst's comic rendition of Charon in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.  I think you'll find Fet'rai'zei the Raft Poler equally amusing in Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear.

       How do I adapt Hades himself?  How else but as one of the Highest Mother's Kings who began to bore her and so was set as King over the Dead?  He bears the knobbed horns that I have conferred on all beings suspected of being associated with the nether realms (see the black demon Warrior Sho'choi'ji'ka in The Valley of Thorns).  He also has a helmet of invisibility, although in this case it's a basket that he flops over his head when he wants to disappear.  Re this helmet, I first learned about it from Xena, but now I find in the Wikipedia article on the subject that attributing this to Hades was a later addition.  However, it makes a great story point!

       Many heroes have a guide who conducts them through the Underworld.  Aeneas has the Cumaean Sybil and Hercules meets Teiresias.  I used Teiresias, whom the reader has already encountered in v.1, but I also added Orpheus in that role.  Orpheus's story will  be discussed in a later post. 

Gustave Dore's Rendition of Lake Cocytus in Dante
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DVinfernoLuciferKingOfHell_m.jpg
       There is one other great descent: that of Dante in that poet's Inferno.  Vergil, who wrote the Aeneid, is Dante's guide.  So, did I use any elements from the Inferno in my adaptation?  You bet!  I won't talk about that much, but I will quote a passage from the Dorothy Sayers translation.  This is from Canto XXII, lines 124-129, laid in the 9th Circle of Hell, where the traitors are imprisoned in the frozen lake Cocytus.  We see the punishment of Count Ugolino and Archbishop Ruggieri, who mutually betrayed each other:

"And when we'd left him, in that icy bed,
I saw two frozen together in one hole
So that the one head capped the other head;

And as starved men tear bread, this tore the poll
Of the one beneath, chewing with ravenous jaw,
Where brain meets marrow, just beneath the skull."

       This horrific image has stuck with me down through the years, ever since I first read Dante at age 20.  If you want to know who suffers a similar fate in Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear, you'll have to read the book.

       Now, being the rationalistic creature that I am, and having endowed some of my characters with similar skeptical qualities (namely, Di'fa'kro'mi, Wei'tu, and Za'dut), I have to say that what happens to Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei after they drink from the Pool of Memory could be just a "bir'zha|" dream -- a hallucination induced by the properties of the water.  After all, they never saw an entrance open up into the Place Beneath -- they were simply transported into it.  The characters argue this matter at some length.  However, both Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei stoutly maintain that they really journeyed through Mik Na'wei'tei'zi (the Place of No Seeing) and we modern scientific types will just have suspend our disbelief and enjoy the adventures and all that they imply ...
 
   
 

Friday, April 4, 2014

The Life of Hercules: The Final Six Labors


Hercules and Antaeus (1690),
by Gregorio de Ferrari
Wikipedia (public domain)
See Labor No. 10

Third of a series.  Here are the first and second posts:
The Life of Hercules: Birth and Childhood
The Life of Hercules: The First Six Labors

     In the previous post, I discussed how Heracles was forced to perform twelve labors as a kind of penance for killing his own children under the influence of madness.  My Heracles stand-in, the Shshi (intelligent termite) Champion Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head, also suffers an episode of madness, but the onus of performing Twelve Wonders comes to it for a different reason, which you can learn about if you read v.1 of the Ki'shto'ba series, The War of the Stolen Mother.
       Following up on the previous post, I'll list the final six Labors of Heracles and comment on whether and how I used them in my series.  Not all of them are suitable for adaptation to a termite culture.
 
       7.  The Cretan Bull.  A fire-breathing bull was ravaging Crete (possibly the one which sired the Minotaur) and Heracles was constrained to capture it.  He took it back to Eurystheus, who set it free because Hera wouldn't accept it as a sacrifice (gave too much glory to Heracles).
       I didn't use this Labor at all.
 
       8.  The Mares of Diomedes.  Possibly based on a coronation rite in which women in horse masks killed and consumed the sacred king at the end of his reign (see Robert Graves, Greek Myths, under The Eighth Labor).  The savage mares of Diomedes were carnivores and Hercules fed Diomedes himself to them, then captured them while their appetite was sated.  Prettty gruesome tale.
       I didn't use this one, either.
 
       9.  Hippolyte's Girdle.  This is a story of the Amazons; Heracles had to bring back the girdle of Ares, which was worn by the Amazon Queen Hippolyte, as a gift to Eurystheus's daughter. 
       While this makes a good story, it has absolutely no bearing on Ki'shto'ba's quest.  However, in v.6 of the Ki'shto'ba series you will encounter a strangely aberrant termite society consisting entirely of female Alates.  I'll talk about that in a later post.
 
       10.  The Cattle of Geryon.   This is a vast Quest epic in itself, with Heracles travelling into the world's Far West to steal the cattle of a monstrous creature named Geryon.  Cattle raiding is rampant in the culture of ancient peoples, including the Celts; men bought their brides at the price of so many cattle.  Once Heracles gets the cattle, he ends up herding them all over Africa and Europe, having adventures all the while.  It was during this journey that Heracles is said to have opened up the entrance to the Mediterranean (the Pillars of Hercules, or Gibraltar).  He also encountered Antaeus in Libya.
       I made some use of details from this myth.  First, I endowed the termite planet with a long and narrow inland sea much like the Mediterranean.  Ultimately the Companions will reach the outlet of that sea (in the seventh volume, which I haven't written yet).
       And I made intense use of the myth of Antaeus.  I'm going to quote Wikipedia here: "[Antaeus] would challenge all passers-by to wrestling matches, kill them, and collect their skulls, so that he might one day build out of them a temple to his father Poseidon. He was indefatigably strong as long as he remained in contact with the ground (his mother earth), but once lifted into the air he became as weak as other men."  You'll have to read v.4: Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear, if you want to know how I applied this. 
 
       11. The Apples of the Hesperides.  Heracles had to go on a second journey to bring back fruit from Hera's golden-apple tree, which was tended by the Hesperides and located either at Mount Atlas or on an island again in the Far West of Earth (undoubtedly the Apple Island of Robert Graves's beautiful poetry).  Atlas lived there as well and the Hesperides were his daughters, conceived before he was set the task of holding the celestial globe on his shoulders.  Hera suspected the Hesperides of stealing some of the apples, so she set a dragon-like creature called Ladon to twine around the Tree and guard it.  Altas also built a great wall around the garden where the tree stood, to protect it from a prophecy that a son of Zeus would steal all the golden apples.  Heracles arrived, and after killing Ladon with an arrow over the wall, he offered to relieve Atlas of his burden for a brief time if he would fetch the apples for him.  Atlas agreed, but upon returning he told Heracles he would take the apples to Eurystheus himself.  Heracles told him he would agree to that if Atlas would allow him one moment to put a pad on his head.  Atlas (apparently not too sharp-witted) complied, resuming the globe, whereupon Heracles scurried off with the plunder.
       It's also said that it was during this journey instead of in the cattle-raiding episode that Heracles encountered Antaeus.
       I used elements of the golden-apple myth, but I twisted them around to my own purposes.  The Quest of Is'a'pai'a of the Gwai'sho'zei (Water People) involves finding the Golden Fungus, which fills the role of the Golden Fleece (the termite planet has no mammals; furthermore fungus is a chief foodstuff of all Shshi, even the woodeaters).  But the Golden Fungus can also stand for the Golden Apples; both are fruit of a type.  And the fungus grows on the root of a primordial tree (the World Tree, in effect) and I set a Ladon-stand-in to guard it: Yak'roit'zei, the Coiling Guardian.  It isn't a dragon and it doesn't have a hundred heads, but it's equally fierce and dangerous.  Think ... giant centipede!  Ki'shto'ba doesn't kill Yak'roit'zei, however, and the Golden Fungus proves elusive.  To find out what does happen, you'll have to wait until v.4 is published.
       I didn't include Atlas in my adaptation.  It's just a little too incredible to conceive of Ki'shto'ba holding up the world!


       12.  The Capture of Cerberus.  The very last Labor contains the requisite visit of the epic hero to the Underworld, the Place of the Dead.  Heracles was charged to bring the dog Cerberus up from Tartarus.  During this daunting task, Heracles met the dead hero Meleager, who agreed to allow Heracles to marry his sisten Deianeira.  I mention this only because of the later repercussions in Heracles's life.  Heracles had many adventures in the Underworld, but ultimately Hades permitted him to capture Cerberus if he could do it without using weapons.  Here is a pertinent quotation from Robert Graves's Greek Myths (Section 134, The Twelfth Labor: The Capture of Cerberus):
       "Heracles ... resolutely gripped him by the throat -- from which rose three heads, each maned with serpents.  The barbed tail flew up to strike, but Heracles, protected by the lion pelt, did not relax his grip until Cerberus choked and yielded."
       Again, I must remark that the termite planet doesn't have any mammals, so I had to make my Cerberus character a reptile.  And Ki'shto'ba is great at wrestling.  Furthermore, he doesn't need a lion pelt, since Shshi Warriors are protected by their own very thick chitin shell!
       I'll have more to say about the journey into the Underworld in my next Hercules post.  Meanwhile, here is my drawing of Ki'shto'ba contending with No'dai'dru'zei, the Monster of the Pit.

Ki'shto'ba and Bu'gan'zei enter Mik Na'wei'tei'zi
(Place of Holy No-Seeing, the Underworld)
Click for larger view
 

Sunday, February 9, 2014

The Life of Hercules: The First Six Labors

Herakles and the Stymphalian Birds
Attic Black Figured Amphora
6th c. BC, British Museum
http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/M21.1.html
       Second of a series.  Here's the first: The Life of Hercules: Birth and Childhood.

       Termites, being almost universally neuter in gender, are not capable of sexual adventures.  Heracles himself could be pretty randy, as in the tale of the daughters of Thespius.  A king named Thespius had fifty daughters and, fearing they would make bad matches, he sent each of them in turn to sleep with Heracles when the hero was staying at Thespius's palace.  Heracles managed to engender some 50 sons.  And that was when Heracles was only 18 years old!
        I don't use this episode in my adaptation for obvious reasons!
       So how did the real Hercules get saddled with the Twelve Labors?  Heracles married King Creon's daughter Megara and had several sons by her.  As he was waging various military campaigns, he committed some excessive acts and Hera decided to punish him by driving him mad.  In his madness he attacked his own sons and killed six of them.
       Upon recovering his sanity, he shut himself up in a dark chamber for days, then, after receiving purification from King Thespius, he went to Delphi to ask the Pythoness what he should do.  Here is how Robert Graves puts it in Greek Myths (my principal source): "The Pythoness ... advised him ... to serve Eurystheus for twelve years; and to perform whatever Labours might be set him, in payment for which he would be rewarded with immortality."  Note that this had already been foretold at Heracles' birth (see my first post: The Life of Heracles: Birth and Childhood).  Eurystheus was the child who had been born first, denying Heracles the kingship of the House of Perseus, and Heracles loathed him, but nevertheless Heracles submitted to his punishment.
       I consider the Madness of Heracles and his awful act of killing his children to be a major event in his life and I was able to use it in my adaptation.  At one point the Companions even visit a Seer who sits on a three-legged stool (v.4).  However, I had to figure out how to start the Quest on its way without having Ki'shto'ba commit atrocities at the very beginning of the books.  Bai'go'tha is equivalent to Eurystheus and the story of the first hatched becoming Commander of To'wak (read King) holds.  Only Ki'shto'ba's motivation for undertaking the Twelve Labors is different -- it is in fact a noble act of self-sacrifice.
 
       Here follows a list of the first six original Labors, with comments.  My purpose was not to engage in a slavish restatement of the myths, but to present an interpretation that allows for a coherent plot progression and most importantly a steady sequence of character development. 
 
       1.  The Nemean Lion.  An enormous lion was terrorizing a region.  Normal weapons like arrows coudn't dent it, so Heracles strangled it.  Afterward he wore the pelt as armor (hence many statues of Heracles show him draped in a lion's pelt).
            I omitted this Labor.  Somehow I couldn't envision Ki'shto'ba wearing the skin of a big reptile (no mammals on the termite planet).  My Champion isn't barbaric enough; besides termite Warriors have ready-made chitin/armor.
 
      2.  The Lernaean Hydra, a sea monster raised by Hera as a bane for Heracles, who was dispatched to kill it.  It had eight or nine or as many as 10,000 heads, and every time one head was cut off, two or three more would sprout in its place.  It was also highly venomous.  Only one head was immortal and Heracles finally succeeded in cutting that one off, thus killing the monster.
           This Labor was highly adaptable (see v.2 of my series).  I made the creature a giant cephalopod (the Hydra may have been based on such an animal), able to regrow its legs, which are mistaken for heads.  Of course, the legs don't magically regenerate instantly (my world is based in pretty solid reality), but when the attackers begin to understand that the creature has only one head embedded in the midst of the legs, they realize they can kill it by attacking that one head.
 
       3.  The Ceryneian Hind.  This is the famous Golden Hind.  Heracles was supposed to capture it alive and bring it back to be kept in Eurystheus' menagerie.  However, the hind was sacred to Artemis and Heracles wanted to free it, so when he handed it over to Eurystheus, he allowed it to "accidentally" escape and run away.
            You may remember the loose but effective adaptation of the myth in Kevin Sorbo's version of Hercules.  I didn't use this Labor.
 
       4.  The Erymanthian Boar.  Heracles' task was to capture this ferocious creature, but in the course of his pursuit, he ran into a bunch of drunken Centaurs.  In the ensuing melee, one of Heracles' arrows (which were poisonous from having been in the blood of the hydra) struck Cheiron (his old teacher) in the foot and killed him, much to Heracles' dismay.  Heracles went on to capture the boar and possibly kill it.
           I made fine use of this one.  Ki'shto'ba never carries any poisonous weapons (again, out of character) and my version of the hydra is not poisonous, but I concocted a wonderful use for this Labor.  Unfortunately, you'll to wait for v.5 in order to know what it is.
 
       5.  Cleansing the Augeian stables, a cattle yard that had not been mucked out for years. Eurystheus took great delight in imagining Heracles toting loads of dung.  However, he diverted a river and sluiced out the yard that way.
            I didn't use this one.  I probably could have concocted something, but I couldn't see the point in having Ki'shto'ba clean a dung pit.
 
       6.  The Stymphalian Birds.  Here's how Graves describes them:  "Brazen-beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds ... [They] kill men and beasts by discharging a shower of brazen feathers and at the same time, muting a poisonous excrement, which blighted the crops."  Athene gave Heracles a rattle or a pair of castanets, which raised such a clatter that the birds were driven away, although they turn up later in the adventures of the Argonauts.
            Of course I use this (although not the rattle).  One of the Birds appears on the cover of v.2 The Storm-Wing.  I adapted this myth in several ways, and the Marsh Guardians haunt the whole rest of the series, playing an important role in v.6.  Very important!
 
       Stay tuned for the last six Labors, coming soon!
 
 

Wednesday, January 15, 2014

The Life of Hercules: Birth and Childhood

    
Herakles as a boy strangling a snake.
Marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE
Public Domain, from
.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules
       You all know I based my series The Labors of Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head on the mythical character of Hercules (Herakles or Heracles in transliterated Greek).  Hercules is a familiar figure in literature and popular culture -- the mighty invincible hero character who happens to be a real hunk -- including innumerable movie and television renditions, TV adaptations, and frequent depictions in graphic arts and sculpture.  (Who wouldn't want to sculpt all those giant muscles?  Even this Baby Hercules had already developed some significant abs!)  I used to watch Kevin Sorbo's version in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys  (although I came to it late and never saw the beginning, and preferred the Xena spin-off).  That version left much to be desired, I thought, but it was fun. 
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt
depicted as the infant Hercules
grappling with the Standard Oil Company
Public Domain, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_in_popular_culture
       When I decided to base my series on Hercules, I used Robert Graves' compilation Greek Myths as my source and I had to do two things: first, I had to familiarize myself with the events of Hercules' life and, second, I had to choose which events would be adaptable to my termite culture.  Two of the events at the start of the hero's life seemed essential: how he came to be born and how and why he killed his first monster.

       Here is a summary:

      Amphitryon was married to Alcmene.  Zeus wanted to beget a great Champion, so while Amphitryon was away avenging the deaths of Alcmene's brothers, the King of the Gods ordered time to be suspended for 36 hours so he would have plenty of time to achieve his goal.  He then assumed Amphitryon's form and dallied with Alcmene for the entire time.  When Amphitryon returned the next day, Alcmene refused to sleep with him, saying they had just spent a whole night of pleasure together.  Amphitryon consulted the Seer Teiresias, who informed him he had been cuckolded by Zeus. 
       Zeus couldn't resist boasting about his exploit, even announcing that his son would be called Heracles ("Glory of Hera").  You can imagine how well this went over with Hera (Zeus's consort).  She laid a plot, saying that whoever was born before nightfall on the day of the birth would be the King of the House of Perseus, an honor Zeus intended for Heracles.  Then she worked to hasten the birth of Eurystheus, and she slowed the birth of Heracles by sitting in the doorway of Alcmene's room with her clothing tied in knots and her fingers locked together.  Hence Eurystheus was born first and the infuriated Zeus, who had gone along with Hera's pronouncement, was forced to make Eurystheus King.  However, Zeus forced Hera to agree that, if Heracles successfully performed Twelve Labors that Eurystheus set upon him, Heracles could become a god.

       Now those of you who have read The War of the Stolen Mother can see right away how I adapted this: Lo'zoi'ma'na'ta is clearly Alcmene and Bai'go'tha the Tyrant of To'wak is clearly Eurystheus.  Zeus is the consort of the Highest-Mother-Who-Has-No-Name, and Teiresias can be none other than the Seer Thru'tei'ga'ma.  I couldn't have Hera be the schemer, because the Highest Mother wouldn't be that petty; she wants Ki'shto'ba to be hatched probably more than her kingly consort does, so I turn the Amphitryon character into the bad guy who tinkers with the eggs in order to make sure Bai'go'tha hatches first.  Thus the premise of Eurystheus/Bai'go'tha assigning the Twelve Labors is set up in both stories, although the motivation for Ki'shto'ba's acceptance of the tasks is quite different from Heracles's (but that's for another post).

       Now, when Heracles was born, he had a twin whose name was Iphicles.  Twin kings or heroes were very important for the Greeks, and thus I introduced the character of A'zhu'lo, a lesser Warrior, obviously not an identical twin.  Iphicles doesn't play much of a part in Heracles's life story, but A'zhu'lo plays a significant part in Ki'shto'ba's story.  The twins are close and love each other very much, yet a certain sibling rivalty exists between them.  This leads to some of the strongest and most poignant plot episodes.

       When Heracles was somewhere between eight months and one year old, he and Iphicles were sleeping when Hera sent two "prodigious azure-scaled serpents" (Robert Graves' description) to attack and kill Heracles.  The babies made a ruckus and Amphitryon rushed in with his sword, only to find Heracles strangling the serpents, one in each hand.  "As they died, he laughed, bounced joyfully up and down, and threw them at Amphitryon's feet."

       I needed to make very little change to that episode, except for the fact that the snakes' origin is left ambiguous.  One might say the Highest Mother did send them, to test Ki'shto'ba and to foreshadow its future power.  I must also say that the Roman statue of the event seems curiously passive -- Heracles might just be having a mild-mannered conversation with the snake, and only one snake is depicted.  As for the political cartoon version, well, it goes to show that ordinary people must have been more highly schooled in classical allusions than they are today -- how many people these days would know about how Hercules strangled snakes when he was in his cradle?

       One other quotation from Graves might be illustrative here: "One Termerus used to kill travelers by challenging them to a butting match; Heracles' skull proved stronger, and he crushed Termerus's head as though it had been an egg.  Heracles was, however, naturally courteous, and the first mortal who freely yielded the enemy their dead for burial." Ah, the Huge-Head, the stone-headed Warrior!  And anyone who has read any of the Ki'shto'ba stories knows our Champion is invariably courteous.

       And one final note ...  This prophecy of Zeus was spoken: "No man alive may ever kill Heracles; a dead enemy shall be his downfall."  I put my version in the mouth of Thru'tei'ga'ma/Teiresias and I phrased it thus: "No Shi would ever witness the death of the second-hatched nymph, nor would anyone ever eat its dead flesh."  And from a later Seer, "A dead foe, but no treachery, shall be [Ki'shto'ba's] ruin."  These two prophecies play a huge part in the unfolding of the Huge-Head's story.  Ki'shto'ba is close to invincible as long as other Shshi are present, and the ambiguity of the prophecy of its cause of death is a constant source of debate throughout the books.  In fact, v. 6 will be called The Revenge of the Dead Enemy.

       If you want to read the totality of my adaptation of these elements of the early life of Hercules, you can buy The War of the Stolen Mother at Amazon or Smashwords, or if you want a foretaste, you can read the pertinent chapter in the sample listed above as SM, Ch.4 (The Tale of the Huge-Head's Hatching and Nymphhood).

               

Wednesday, December 12, 2012

What You May Not Know about "The Labors of Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head"

       I just posted a piece on the Ruminations blog called What You May Not Know about The Termite Queen.  It occurred to me that most of the posts I wrote about my first novel happened way back in 2011 and weren't viewed extensively, so there may be people out there who needd a refresher course in what that book is all about.
       The same holds true for my "Labors" series.  The discussions of these books on this blog also haven't been heavily viewed.  So I thought it was about time for a recap.
 
       At the end of The Termite Queen, the Champion Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head and the Remembrancer (i.e., Bard) Di'fa'kro'mi announce their intention of setting out on an adventure.  Until Kaitrin and the other Star-Beings came, the Shshi didn't know the ocean existed -- it was only a Remembrancer's tale .  The concept of an endless body of water fascinates them and so they prepare to set out on an epic journey. 
       And how better to depict an epic quest than by having the questers relive Greek myths as well as certain other ancient heroic tales?  And who better to experience these adventures but a Hercules stand-in?  And which of my termites is a perfect fit to play Hercules?  Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head, of course!  The series title "The Labors of Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head" mirrors the Twelve Labors of Hercules, and several of these are re-enacted, although not all of them are suitable for termites culture.  But the primary myths that are re-experienced are the larger ones that are not really associated with Hercules, such as the topic of the first volume -- the Trojan War.
       How can one of the world's great love stories be retold within a termite culture where sex has no relevance except within the Holy Chamber of a fortress where the Mother and the King dwell?  Well, if I told you that, it would be a spoiler!  Suffice it to say that I came up with an ingenious way to make it happen!  And it should come as no surprise that a tale of war would fit well into the termite culture -- one-third of the citizens of a fortress are Warriors, after all.  And the themes of heroism and cowardice and betrayal, of friend turning against friend -- those are universal.
       The opening chapters of The War of the Stolen Mother establish the premise for the entire series.  We not only have to tie it to the end of "The Termite Queen" --  we must also dispatch Ki'shto'ba on a quest to accomplish Twelve Wonders.  And we need to identify Ki'shto'ba with Hercules by giving it the appropriate backstory.  Hercules was sired by Zeus who paid a clandestine visit to Hercules' mother in the guise of her husband.  Hercules had a twin and when they were both in the nursery, he wrestled with two serpents who were trying to kill the twin.   We can't skip those interesting facts, now can we?
       We also have to learn about certain prophecies regarding Ki'shto'ba that are spoken by one of the greatest Seers (a stand-in for the great Greek Seer Teiresias), and we have to provide the hero with its twelve  Companions for the quest.  By the time Ki'shto'ba leaves its home fortress of To'wak, it has acquired four of them.  The fifth soon appears -- one of the most important characters in the story -- Za'dut the trickster.  Terrific character -- I love it!
       Only then can we embark on the War of the Stolen Mother itself.  And how I accomplish that will not form a subject of this post.  Let me just say that even as in the Iliad itself, there is plenty of action, mass battles, heroic single combat, trickery, prophecy, betrayal, funeral games, and ultimately catastrophe -- everything you would want in an epic fantasy!  Any reader who enjoys a uniquely imaginative depiction of this sort of story would love reading this book!

       Now I'll quickly recap the rest of series, for those who never read my earlier posts.  Di'fa'kro'mi the Remembrancer, who is the narrator of these tales, originally wrote three volumes, but they turned out to be too long, so Kaitrin Oliva (and me, by proxy) converted them into six.  They divided well because they're episodic, and they have undergone a few changes of title:

Volume One: The War of the Stolen Mother  
Already published on Amazon and Smashwords.
Volume Two:  The Storm-Wing
Ki'shto'ba earns the new surname: Monster-Slayer.  It kills five monsters in this volume and meets a new Shshi people who will have a profound effect on our hero and all the Companions.  This volume is almost ready to publish; I've formatted the CreateSpace template, drawn the map, and am trying to complete the covers (having trouble with Gimp and those pesky text-boxes again).  Probably will be published sometime in January.
Volume Three: The Tale of the Valley of Thorns 
The Song of Roland and its disastrous aftermath.  Enough said.
Volume Four: Beneath the Mountain of Heavy Fear
Descent into the Underworld - oh, boy!
Volume Five and Six: The Quest for the Golden Fungus
This has to be split into two volumes -- just too long otherwise -- but I'm uncertain as to how to handle the individual volume titles.  This is how I would like to do them:
Volume Five: The Quest for the Golden Fungus: The Companions Reach the Sea (tentative subtitle -- may change)
Volume Six: The Quest for the Golden Fungus: The Revenge of the Dead Enemy
The problem here is the title length -- going to look horrible on Amazon and also on the title page.  If I drop the Quest part and use the subtitles as the main title, we lose the obvious reference to the Quest for Golden Fleece (I'm sure you guessed that was the reference!).  So I'll have to think about that some more.
And then I mean to write (someday) a seventh volume, because the end of v.6 leaves a lot of loose ends.  It will be entitled
Volume Seven: The Buried Ship at the End of the World.
Nothing to reveal on that one at the moment.

       Now all of this should make you quite eager to begin reading this series!  I promise you, if you like action and adventure, with great characters and some psychological angst thrown in as a bonus, you're going to love "The Labors of Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head"!
       I guarantee it! (as the gentleman on the Men's Warehouse commercials always says!)

AND REMEMBER: CHRISTMAS IS COMING!
 
GIVE A PAPERBACK OF "THE WAR OF THE STOLEN MOTHER,"
ALL NEATLY WRAPPED UP AND PLACED
PROMINENTLY UNDER THE TREE! 
 
THE RECIPIENT OF YOUR GIFT WILL HUG YOU!

       

Sunday, July 15, 2012

Important Publishing News, a Word on the Myths, and Another Map Is Added

       On the page marked "Maps" I added the finished black-and-white map that will form the frontispiece for the print edition of "War of the Stolen Mother."  I found some errors in the text of the proof, so I uploaded another PDF.  Publication will be delayed a couple of days. 

AND NOW "STOLEN MOTHER" IS PUBLISHED!

        This morning I approved the publication of "The War of the Stolen Mother," Volume I of "The Labors of Ki'shto'ba Huge-Head." It should show up on Amazon within a day or two.  After I take a short break from the tedious business of formatting, I'll begin working on the Kindle version.  I still don't know what to do about the footnotes; I don't see any instructions in the Publishing Guidelines, but I think I can figure something out.

       Also, I just posted Chapter 6 of "Stolen Mother" here on this blog.  It's the climactic chapter for this preliminary section of the book.
       In relation to this chapter, I want to comment on the old Seer Thru'tei'ga'ma.  Of course, he stands in the role of Teiresias, the very famous Seer of ancient Greece.  Some of you may remember that Teiresias was blinded because he saw Athena as she was bathing.  In Thru'tei'ga'ma's case, he saw the Highest-Mother-Who-Has-No-Name as she was grooming her great belly.  Pay attention to his ramblings; they are some of the most important and comprehensive prophecies that will be spoken in the stories.  At any given point, if you return to those paragraphs and compare events  to what Thru'tei'ga'ma said, you'll say, "Oh, now I see what he was talking about!"
       A'zhu'lo fills the role of Iphicles, the twin of Hercules, although A'zhu'lo's story is almost entirely imaginary on my part.  A'zhu'lo is basically the lesser sibling who worships his big brother but can never compete with him, although he would very much like to.  Wei'tu has no equivalent in the myths, but Twa'sei, whose name means "Wood-Cutter," is clearly Hylas, which Rrobert Graves says means "Of the Woods."  And if you don't know who Hylas was in relation to Hercules, you'll just have to look it up!

Sunday, June 17, 2012

More Notes on "Labors" - Hercules' Life; and the Use of Footnotes

       I've intended to write a post on the life of Hercules so that people will have some insight into  the basis of the plot in "Labors."  Many people will have heard of the Twelve Labors of Hercules.  I made use some of those in these tales, although certain ones seem off the point (like cleaning the Stables of Augeias, which Hercules accomplished by diverting two rivers through the cattle yard; I could have Ki'shto'ba clean a dung pit in that way, but why?)  What I'm actually doing is using the Twelve Labors as a frame for building the plots.  Ki'shto'ba will have to perform Twelve Wonders; some of them will be adapted versions of the classical Labors and some will be Ki'shto'ba's own. 
       The reason Ki'shto'ba sets out to perform these Wonders is also a little different.  In the classical version, Hercules has been driven mad by Hera and has slain his own children, and so he must perform the Twelve Labors as a penance.  In my version the rationale is quite different.  However, Bai'go'tha the tyrant of To'wak, who sends Ki'shto'ba out on its Labors, is a similar character to Eurystheus (the names both mean "Forces Far Back").  Through the manipulations of the gods, Eurystheus was born before Hercules and thus become the High King of the House of Perseus.  In my version it's the manipulations of a jealous King that causes Bai'go'tha's egg to hatch before Ki'shto'ba's, and it's Bai'go'tha's fear of being supplanted by Ki'shto'ba that causes the Tyrant to send its rival forth.  (But you will find out much later in the series that Ki'shto'ba doesn't escape its own version of the Madness of Hercules.)
       And that's as much as I'm going to tell you.  I've decided that the reader doesn't need to know the myths to appreciate my retellings.  If you are familiar with them, it won't hinder the enjoyment of my version, but if you aren't, you might enjoy it even more, because you won't have a clue as to what's coming next!
       Now a couple of points about my methodology.  I've put these tales into a scholarly framework.  Prf. Kaitrin Oliva from "The Termite Queen" is translating them from Shshi into Inj (English to the 21st-century Earther) and she has supplied with footnotes explaining knotty Shshi usages, cultural points, etc.  A lot of this has already been explained in "The Termite Queen," but undoubtedly many people who haven't read "TQ" will read "Labors" (the author remarks with staunch optimism!)  Therefore, many concepts need re-explaining and facts need restating, like the terms for the seasons, the way Shshi names are formed, the Shshi numbering system, the planet's day-length, etc.  This is accomplished in the footnotes and that means that the early chapters are particularly heavy on footnotes (the load lightens considerably as the work progresses).  Footnotes are not a problem in a printed book, although they do require some careful formatting.  Readers can easily utilize the notes, which will be at the bottom of the page, or ignore them if they choose. 
       It's going to be a real problem in Kindle, since e-text is amorphous and has no paging.  I haven't even looked yet at the options for handling footnotes in Kindle.  I only know that grouping them together at the end of the book would be their death knell, and putting them at the ends of the chapters would be almost as bad.  I don't know if it's possible to insert the notes into the text, but I don't really like that option in any case.  It interrupts the flow of the reading.  So probably I'll put them at the ends of chapters and do some kind of internal link arrangement.  If the reader wants to see the note, he can click on the superscript number, and then reverse the process to come back. 
       That's really going to be time-consuming to format.  Consequently, I've about decided to stop publishing on Smashwords.  It's just going to take too long to format all this twice.  If I don't publish on Smashwords, I may (at least, I'm going to think about it) try putting "War of the Stolen Mother" on the KDP Select program, at least for awhile.  I just checked and you're allowed to publish in print form at the same time.  Of course, that's my preferred option, anyway.

I'm also thinking about what sample chapters ought to be posted on this blog.  Stay tuned about that!